1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
|
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage[top=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[font=small]{caption}
\usepackage{handouts}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setdefaultlanguage{british}
\setotherlanguage{hebrew}
\newfontfamily\dutchfont[Mapping=tex-text]{Latin Modern Roman}
\newfontfamily\hebrewfont[Scale=MatchLowercase]{Ezra SIL}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\ez}{\hebrewfont}
\usepackage{stfloats}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\title{\large Handout of ``Voice in Classical Hebrew against Its Semitic Background''\footnote{Holger Gzella in \emph{Orientalia} (2009).}}
\author{Camil Staps}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
Semitic languages generally express the semantic distinction between active and non-active using \term{verbal stems}\pagenr{292}.
There is a base stem (the \term{G-stem}) and three principal derived stems:
the \term{D-stem}, where the middle root consonant is lengthened;
the \term{C-stem}, which expresses causativity; and
the \term{N-stem}, which has a prefix starting with /n-/
and at least in some cases serves as the medio-passive of the G-stem\pagenrs{293--4}.
An infix /t/ may be used to indicate reflexivity, reciprocality or medio-passiveness.
Many verbs derived from nouns do not occur in the G-stem.
Also, over time, usage often tends to shift away from the G-stem.
Therefore, the description in this paragraph is very rough\pagenr{296}.
In Central Semitic languages\note{Hebrew, Aramaic, Ugaritic, Arabic, and others},
\term{internal passives} (where the consonantal skeleton remains unchanged) of the G, D and C stems exist\pagenr{297}.
\parnote{For an overview of the functions associated to the different stems, see p.~300.}
In Hebrew, the Gt and Ct stems seem to have disappeared,
the internal passive Gp only survives in residual forms
but the other (medio-)passive and reflexive stems\note{N, Dt, Dp, Cp} remain\pagenr{303}.
The surviving forms seem to have absorbed some of the functions of the abolished ones.
\end{document}
|