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+# Breaking DES with Python
+Solutions to the third homework assignment for the NWI-IBC023 Cryptography course, spring 2015, Radboud University Nijmegen.
+
+See the LICENSE file for the license & copyright information.
+
+## Dependencies
+Python 2.7.6 (other versions may work) with libraries: Crypto, sys, getopt, os.path, binascii, random, time
+
+## Files
+
+### des-demo.py (exercise i)
+Encrypt or decrypt a specified message using a specified key with DES. See `des-demo.py -h` for usage.
+
+### des-test.sh
+Test des-demo.py using the test vectors from the assignment.
+
+### nthkey.py (exercise ii)
+Demonstration of the working of the `nthKey(n)` method. No command line parameters, edit the number on the last line for another `n`.
+
+### 2des-demo.py (exercise iii)
+2DES using two random keys: chooses two random keys with the right parity using `nthKey(n)`, then performs 2DES on ten random plaintexts using those keys. See `2des-demo.py -h` for usage.
+
+### break.py (exercise iv)
+Breaking 2DES using a known-plaintext attack. Supply at least a plaintext (`-p`) and a ciphertext (`-c`), possibly also a keylength (`-l`). There is an option to save the dictionary to a file (`-s`) if you're planning to reuse it. 
+
+There is detailed timing information for the second stage of the attack: the time used by `nthKey()`, `DES.decrypt()` and finding values in the dictionary.
+
+Example:
+
+    $ ./break.py -p 6be6065663da8d2c -c 4d0ed7812caeee83 -l 16
+    Making dictionary (p:6be6065663da8d2c;l:16)... 1.429026s
+    Finding matches... 1.618808s
+    Key generation:      0.403714s
+    Decryption:          1.048049s
+    Matching dictionary: 0.046321s
+    k1: 0101010101011afb; k2: 0101010101012073
+
+## Concrete break
+I was given the following plaintext-ciphertext pairs:
+
+    0123456789ABCDEF e0ac28c346fb8de5
+    1122334455667788 49e4857e94f9655d
+    99aabbccddeeff00 b5a2eefb51b04401
+
+Breaking these (on the Lenovo described under Benchmarks):
+
+    $ ./break.py -p 0123456789ABCDEF -c e0ac28c346fb8de5 -l 24
+    Making dictionary (p:0123456789abcdef;l:24)... 417.513822s
+    Finding matches... 419.125502s
+    Key generation:      102.954099s
+    Decryption:          269.473773s
+    Matching dictionary: 15.134741s
+    k1: 0101010101164613; k2: 0101010102a719c2
+    $ ./break.py -p 1122334455667788 -c 49e4857e94f9655d -l 24
+    Making dictionary (p:1122334455667788;l:24)... 386.554364s
+    Finding matches... 424.907323s
+    Key generation:      106.151418s
+    Decryption:          271.449573s
+    Matching dictionary: 15.2167599999s
+    k1: 0101010101164613; k2: 0101010102a719c2
+    $ ./break.py -p 99aabbccddeeff00 -c b5a2eefb51b04401 -l 24
+    Making dictionary (p:99aabbccddeeff00;l:24)... 394.505993s
+    Finding matches... 431.637707s
+    Key generation:      109.764972s
+    Decryption:          274.681545s
+    Matching dictionary: 14.4759990001s
+    k1: 0101010101164613; k2: 0101010102a719c2
+
+We find k1 = `0101010101164613`; k2 = `0101010102a719c2`.
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+### Lenovo U410, i7-3517U @ 1.9GHz, 8GB RAM, 16GB /swap, Ubuntu 14.04
+Creating dictionary: 417.5s, 386.5s, 394.5s (**avg: 399.5s**)  
+Finding matches: 419.1s, 424.9s, 431.6s (**avg: 425.2s**)
+
+The exact log is in the Concrete Break section above.
+
+### Lilo
+Creating dictionary: 286.8s, 283.6s, 273.0s (**avg: 281.1s**)  
+Finding matches: 301.6s, 285.6s, 292.2s (**avg: 293.1s**)
+
+    $ ./break.py -p 0123456789ABCDEF -c e0ac28c346fb8de5 -l 24
+    Making dictionary (p:0123456789abcdef;l:24)... 286.83s
+    Finding matches... 301.56s
+    Key generation:      64.47s
+    Decryption:          200.23s
+    Matching dictionary: 9.27s
+    k1: 0101010101164613; k2: 0101010102a719c2
+    $ ./break.py -p 1122334455667788 -c 49e4857e94f9655d -l 24
+    Making dictionary (p:1122334455667788;l:24)... 283.55s
+    Finding matches... 285.63s
+    Key generation:      60.66s
+    Decryption:          189.44s
+    Matching dictionary: 9.27s
+    k1: 0101010101164613; k2: 0101010102a719c2
+    $ ./break.py -p 99aabbccddeeff00 -c b5a2eefb51b04401 -l 24
+    Making dictionary (p:99aabbccddeeff00;l:24)... 272.96s
+    Finding matches... 292.21s
+    Key generation:      63.89s
+    Decryption:          191.04s
+    Matching dictionary: 9.41s
+    k1: 0101010101164613; k2: 0101010102a719c2
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