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authorCamil Staps2016-10-07 15:29:44 +0200
committerCamil Staps2016-10-07 15:29:44 +0200
commit3bec8d05e37543cf022720f86378ef130a4a389e (patch)
treeb7050fa977eb8574f6230cbe1fecbdd009aa0593 /hopper-thompson-handout.tex
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Hopper-Thompson
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+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+
+\usepackage[top=2cm]{geometry}
+\usepackage[british]{babel}
+\usepackage{stfloats}
+
+\usepackage{handouts}
+
+\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usepackage[font=small]{caption}
+
+\title{\Large Handout of ``Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse''\footnote{Paul J. Hopper and Sandra A. Thompson (1980).}}
+\author{Camil Staps}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\summary{
+ Transitivity is traditionally understood as a global property of an entire clause,
+ but in this paper the authors look at different transitivity features that lower level clause elements are marked for\pagenr{251}.
+ \parnote{%
+ These features are
+ \term{participants} (2+, A and O --- 1),
+ \term{kinesis} (action --- non-action),
+ \term{aspect} (telic --- atelic),
+ \term{punctuality},
+ \term{volitionality},
+ \term{affirmation},
+ \term{mode} (realis --- irrealis),
+ \term{agency},
+ \term{affectedness of O},
+ \term{individuation of O}.
+ }
+
+ The hypothesis is that when two phrases are marked for any of these features,
+ their markings are at the same end of the transitivity scale\pagenr{255}.
+ This does not predict whether a phrase is marked or not.
+ Transitivity features may be manifested both morphosyntactically and semantically.
+
+ The hypothesis itself is supported by a lot of data,
+ but this data only shows correlation, no causation\pagenr{280}.
+ In other words, we are looking for a communicative reason why all the transitivity features would correlate.
+ This reason is the concept of grounding:
+ \term{background} is that part of discourse which does not vitally contribute to the speaker's goal,
+ as opposed to \term{foreground}.
+ All the transitivity features correlate logically with this concept.
+
+ The hypothesis supports the traditional understanding that transitivity is a feature of a clause\pagenr{294}.
+
+ When a particular feature is foregrounded depends on the distinction between foregrounded and backgrounded discourse.
+ Hence, properties that are irrelevant to foregrounding are also irrelevant to transitivity.
+}
+
+\end{document}