From 5667cc3df79242093f6fe56521785b7b28b45005 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Camil Staps
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 2015 20:59:20 +0200
Subject: Assignment 5

---
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1a   |   1 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1b   |  37 +++
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1c   |   1 +
 .../exercise1/exercise1d.creds                     |   2 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1e   |   1 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2a   |   4 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2b   |  15 ++
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2c   |   5 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3a   |  26 ++
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3b   |   6 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3c   |   3 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3d   |   3 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3e   |   3 +
 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise4              |   6 +
 .../exercise5/exercise5a/client-config/client.conf | 123 +++++++++
 .../exercise5/exercise5a/commands                  |  24 ++
 .../exercise5/exercise5a/server-config/server.conf | 299 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../exercise5/exercise5b/commands                  |   9 +
 18 files changed, 568 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1a
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1b
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1c
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1d.creds
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1e
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2a
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2b
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2c
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3a
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3b
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3c
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3d
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3e
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise4
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/client-config/client.conf
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/commands
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/server-config/server.conf
 create mode 100644 netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5b/commands

diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1a b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89585b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1a
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<OC@(OL4
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1b b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a599436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1b
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# nmap -sn 192.168.84.0/24
+
+Starting Nmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2015-10-08 16:39 CEST
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.1
+Host is up (0.0042s latency).
+MAC Address: 48:5B:39:89:8C:10 (Asustek Computer)
+Nmap scan report for gromit.local (192.168.84.10)
+Host is up (0.46s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:F7:8C (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.11
+Host is up (0.21s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:F7:8C (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.12
+Host is up (0.21s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:F7:8C (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.14
+Host is up (0.26s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:F7:8C (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.15
+Host is up (0.21s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:F7:8C (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.43
+Host is up (0.23s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:EE:ED (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.44
+Host is up (0.23s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:EE:ED (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for 192.168.84.45
+Host is up (0.24s latency).
+MAC Address: 00:0F:C9:0C:EE:ED (Allnet GmbH)
+Nmap scan report for Farore.local (192.168.84.161)
+Host is up (0.29s latency).
+MAC Address: A4:DB:30:8E:BA:31 (Liteon Technology)
+Nmap scan report for zenbook.local (192.168.84.168)
+Host is up.
+Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (11 hosts up) scanned in 15.27 seconds
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1c b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b10698f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+http://www.cs.ru.nl/~paubel/assignment5-start.html
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1d.creds b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1d.creds
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acc488e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1d.creds
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+username=ru-netsec
+password=obhaCYnmIRDyy7joqdsj
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1e b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3dae98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise1/exercise1e
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+s4498062 This result has been hidden for privacy reasons.
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2a b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4752ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2a
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+$ dig +bufsize=4096 +dnssec +ignore +tries=1 +time=1 any "lk." "@204.61.216.27"
+
+I just followed instructions on http://dnscurve.org/dnssecamp.html.
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2b b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d745494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2b
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Nothing special on Ethernet level.
+
+On the IP level, we set the source IP to the IP of blackboard.ru.nl
+(131.174.57.69). The destination IP should be the IP of the nameserver we're
+using (204.61.216.27).
+
+Nothing special on the UDP level.
+
+On the DNS level we use the query as can be found in the capture file:
+
+    4c1901200001000000000001026c6b0000ff00010000291000000080000000
+
+For the rest, we craft the packet as normally. This way, the nameserver will
+send its reply to 131.174.57.69. 
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2c b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f16c731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise2/exercise2c
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+We could reject all packets with a spoofed IP address by only accepting packets
+where the source address is in our subnet:
+
+# iptables -A OUTPUT -j DROP
+# iptables -A OUTPUT -s 203.0.113.0/24 ACCEPT
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3a b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3a
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd9364a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3a
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+We query a non-existing domain which likely isn't in the cache already (that is,
+a random string as subdomain). For example, we might query for:
+
+$ dig eWVwLCB0aGlzIGlzIGJhc2U2NC4u.blackboard.ru.nl
+
+Then we race the actual DNS server to provide this response:
+
+    ;; ANSWER SECTION:
+    eWVwLCB0aGlzIGlzIGJhc2U2NC4u.blackboard.ru.nl. 120 IN A 10.10.10.10
+
+    ;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
+    blackboard.ru.nl.       86400   IN      NS      ourns.blackboard.ru.nl.
+
+    ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
+    ourns.blackboard.ru.nl. 604800  IN      A       10.10.10.20
+
+Here, 10.10.10.20 would be our address. The cache will now ask stuff about
+blackboard.ru.nl to our nameserver which he thinks is at ourns.blackboard.ru.nl.
+
+Thus by simply requesting
+
+$ dig blackboard.ru.nl
+
+and sending back an incorrect A record for blackboard.ru.nl from 10.10.10.20, we
+have spoofed the cache.
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3b b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3b
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34d75bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3b
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+The QID is a 16-bit random string, so we have a chance of 1 over 2^16 to guess
+it correctly.
+
+If we also use port randomisation, we have to guess 16+16=32 bits, giving us a
+1 over 2^32 chance.
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3c b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35ca2b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+We have to guess 14 extra bits, that is, 46 bits, giving us a 1 over 2^46
+probability to guess correctly.
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3d b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3d
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4e9ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3d
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Using a birthday attack, sending many the same queries increases our odds of
+getting one right.
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3e b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3e
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99abf57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise3/exercise3e
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+If you're in the middle anyway you can change everything. You don't have to
+guess anything, because you only modify the relevant section(s).
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise4 b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6df780b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise4
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+The firewall can keep track of the source and destination IPs and ports for
+out-going UDP packets. Then, when an UDP packet comes in, it can check of these
+same data (though source and destination are swapped) match somewhere in the
+table of outgoing packets. If there is a match, the firewall may assume the
+incoming packet is a response - and accept it - otherwise, it may drop it.
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/client-config/client.conf b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/client-config/client.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b31c78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/client-config/client.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+##############################################
+# Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file #
+# for connecting to multi-client server.     #
+#                                            #
+# This configuration can be used by multiple #
+# clients, however each client should have   #
+# its own cert and key files.                #
+#                                            #
+# On Windows, you might want to rename this  #
+# file so it has a .ovpn extension           #
+##############################################
+
+# Specify that we are a client and that we
+# will be pulling certain config file directives
+# from the server.
+client
+
+# Use the same setting as you are using on
+# the server.
+# On most systems, the VPN will not function
+# unless you partially or fully disable
+# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
+;dev tap
+dev tun
+
+# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
+# from the Network Connections panel
+# if you have more than one.  On XP SP2,
+# you may need to disable the firewall
+# for the TAP adapter.
+;dev-node MyTap
+
+# Are we connecting to a TCP or
+# UDP server?  Use the same setting as
+# on the server.
+;proto tcp
+proto udp
+
+# The hostname/IP and port of the server.
+# You can have multiple remote entries
+# to load balance between the servers.
+remote 192.168.1.70 1194
+;remote my-server-2 1194
+
+# Choose a random host from the remote
+# list for load-balancing.  Otherwise
+# try hosts in the order specified.
+;remote-random
+
+# Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the
+# host name of the OpenVPN server.  Very useful
+# on machines which are not permanently connected
+# to the internet such as laptops.
+resolv-retry infinite
+
+# Most clients don't need to bind to
+# a specific local port number.
+nobind
+
+# Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only)
+;user nobody
+;group nogroup
+
+# Try to preserve some state across restarts.
+persist-key
+persist-tun
+
+# If you are connecting through an
+# HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN
+# server, put the proxy server/IP and
+# port number here.  See the man page
+# if your proxy server requires
+# authentication.
+;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures
+;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #]
+
+# Wireless networks often produce a lot
+# of duplicate packets.  Set this flag
+# to silence duplicate packet warnings.
+;mute-replay-warnings
+
+# SSL/TLS parms.
+# See the server config file for more
+# description.  It's best to use
+# a separate .crt/.key file pair
+# for each client.  A single ca
+# file can be used for all clients.
+ca ./ca.crt
+cert ./client.crt
+key ./client.key
+
+# Verify server certificate by checking
+# that the certicate has the nsCertType
+# field set to "server".  This is an
+# important precaution to protect against
+# a potential attack discussed here:
+#  http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm
+#
+# To use this feature, you will need to generate
+# your server certificates with the nsCertType
+# field set to "server".  The build-key-server
+# script in the easy-rsa folder will do this.
+ns-cert-type server
+
+# If a tls-auth key is used on the server
+# then every client must also have the key.
+;tls-auth ta.key 1
+
+# Select a cryptographic cipher.
+# If the cipher option is used on the server
+# then you must also specify it here.
+;cipher x
+
+# Enable compression on the VPN link.
+# Don't enable this unless it is also
+# enabled in the server config file.
+comp-lzo
+
+# Set log file verbosity.
+verb 3
+
+# Silence repeating messages
+;mute 20
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/commands b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/commands
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..607002c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/commands
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+As on https://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/documentation/howto.html#pki,
+on the server:
+
+# cp -R /usr/share/doc/openvpn /etc/openvpn
+# cd /etc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0
+# . ./vars
+# ./clean-all
+# ./build-ca
+# ./build-key-server server
+# ./build-key client
+# ./build-dh
+
+Then the client.crt, client.key and ca.crt I copied to the client.
+
+On the client I only had to edit client.conf.
+
+Then, on the server:
+
+# openvpn server.conf
+
+And on the client:
+
+# openvpn client.conf
+
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/server-config/server.conf b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/server-config/server.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31ce619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5a/server-config/server.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+#################################################
+# Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for            #
+# multi-client server.                          #
+#                                               #
+# This file is for the server side              #
+# of a many-clients <-> one-server              #
+# OpenVPN configuration.                        #
+#                                               #
+# OpenVPN also supports                         #
+# single-machine <-> single-machine             #
+# configurations (See the Examples page         #
+# on the web site for more info).               #
+#                                               #
+# This config should work on Windows            #
+# or Linux/BSD systems.  Remember on            #
+# Windows to quote pathnames and use            #
+# double backslashes, e.g.:                     #
+# "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" #
+#                                               #
+# Comments are preceded with '#' or ';'         #
+#################################################
+
+# Which local IP address should OpenVPN
+# listen on? (optional)
+;local a.b.c.d
+
+# Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on?
+# If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances
+# on the same machine, use a different port
+# number for each one.  You will need to
+# open up this port on your firewall.
+port 1194
+
+# TCP or UDP server?
+;proto tcp
+proto udp
+
+# "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel,
+# "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel.
+# Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging
+# and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface
+# and bridged it with your ethernet interface.
+# If you want to control access policies
+# over the VPN, you must create firewall
+# rules for the the TUN/TAP interface.
+# On non-Windows systems, you can give
+# an explicit unit number, such as tun0.
+# On Windows, use "dev-node" for this.
+# On most systems, the VPN will not function
+# unless you partially or fully disable
+# the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface.
+;dev tap
+dev tun
+
+# Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name
+# from the Network Connections panel if you
+# have more than one.  On XP SP2 or higher,
+# you may need to selectively disable the
+# Windows firewall for the TAP adapter.
+# Non-Windows systems usually don't need this.
+;dev-node MyTap
+
+# SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate
+# (cert), and private key (key).  Each client
+# and the server must have their own cert and
+# key file.  The server and all clients will
+# use the same ca file.
+#
+# See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series
+# of scripts for generating RSA certificates
+# and private keys.  Remember to use
+# a unique Common Name for the server
+# and each of the client certificates.
+#
+# Any X509 key management system can be used.
+# OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file
+# (see "pkcs12" directive in man page).
+ca /etc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ca.crt
+cert /etc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.crt
+key /etc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/server.key  # This file should be kept secret
+
+# Diffie hellman parameters.
+# Generate your own with:
+#   openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024
+# Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using
+# 2048 bit keys. 
+dh /etc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0/keys/dh1024.pem
+
+# Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet
+# for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from.
+# The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself,
+# the rest will be made available to clients.
+# Each client will be able to reach the server
+# on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are
+# ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info.
+server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
+
+# Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address
+# associations in this file.  If OpenVPN goes down or
+# is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned
+# the same virtual IP address from the pool that was
+# previously assigned.
+ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
+
+# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging.
+# You must first use your OS's bridging capability
+# to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet
+# NIC interface.  Then you must manually set the
+# IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we
+# assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0.  Finally we
+# must set aside an IP range in this subnet
+# (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate
+# to connecting clients.  Leave this line commented
+# out unless you are ethernet bridging.
+;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100
+
+# Configure server mode for ethernet bridging
+# using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk
+# to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server
+# to receive their IP address allocation
+# and DNS server addresses.  You must first use
+# your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP
+# interface with the ethernet NIC interface.
+# Note: this mode only works on clients (such as
+# Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is
+# bound to a DHCP client.
+;server-bridge
+
+# Push routes to the client to allow it
+# to reach other private subnets behind
+# the server.  Remember that these
+# private subnets will also need
+# to know to route the OpenVPN client
+# address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0)
+# back to the OpenVPN server.
+;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0"
+;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0"
+
+# To assign specific IP addresses to specific
+# clients or if a connecting client has a private
+# subnet behind it that should also have VPN access,
+# use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific
+# configuration files (see man page for more info).
+
+# EXAMPLE: Suppose the client
+# having the certificate common name "Thelonious"
+# also has a small subnet behind his connecting
+# machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248.
+# First, uncomment out these lines:
+;client-config-dir ccd
+;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
+# Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line:
+#   iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248
+# This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to
+# access the VPN.  This example will only work
+# if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are
+# using "dev tun" and "server" directives.
+
+# EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give
+# Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1.
+# First uncomment out these lines:
+;client-config-dir ccd
+;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252
+# Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious:
+#   ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2
+
+# Suppose that you want to enable different
+# firewall access policies for different groups
+# of clients.  There are two methods:
+# (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each
+#     group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface
+#     for each group/daemon appropriately.
+# (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically
+#     modify the firewall in response to access
+#     from different clients.  See man
+#     page for more info on learn-address script.
+;learn-address ./script
+
+# If enabled, this directive will configure
+# all clients to redirect their default
+# network gateway through the VPN, causing
+# all IP traffic such as web browsing and
+# and DNS lookups to go through the VPN
+# (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT
+# or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet
+# in order for this to work properly).
+;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
+
+# Certain Windows-specific network settings
+# can be pushed to clients, such as DNS
+# or WINS server addresses.  CAVEAT:
+# http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats
+# The addresses below refer to the public
+# DNS servers provided by opendns.com.
+;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222"
+;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220"
+
+# Uncomment this directive to allow different
+# clients to be able to "see" each other.
+# By default, clients will only see the server.
+# To force clients to only see the server, you
+# will also need to appropriately firewall the
+# server's TUN/TAP interface.
+;client-to-client
+
+# Uncomment this directive if multiple clients
+# might connect with the same certificate/key
+# files or common names.  This is recommended
+# only for testing purposes.  For production use,
+# each client should have its own certificate/key
+# pair.
+#
+# IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL
+# CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT,
+# EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME",
+# UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT.
+;duplicate-cn
+
+# The keepalive directive causes ping-like
+# messages to be sent back and forth over
+# the link so that each side knows when
+# the other side has gone down.
+# Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote
+# peer is down if no ping received during
+# a 120 second time period.
+keepalive 10 120
+
+# For extra security beyond that provided
+# by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall"
+# to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding.
+#
+# Generate with:
+#   openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key
+#
+# The server and each client must have
+# a copy of this key.
+# The second parameter should be '0'
+# on the server and '1' on the clients.
+;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret
+
+# Select a cryptographic cipher.
+# This config item must be copied to
+# the client config file as well.
+;cipher BF-CBC        # Blowfish (default)
+;cipher AES-128-CBC   # AES
+;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC  # Triple-DES
+
+# Enable compression on the VPN link.
+# If you enable it here, you must also
+# enable it in the client config file.
+comp-lzo
+
+# The maximum number of concurrently connected
+# clients we want to allow.
+;max-clients 100
+
+# It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN
+# daemon's privileges after initialization.
+#
+# You can uncomment this out on
+# non-Windows systems.
+;user nobody
+;group nogroup
+
+# The persist options will try to avoid
+# accessing certain resources on restart
+# that may no longer be accessible because
+# of the privilege downgrade.
+persist-key
+persist-tun
+
+# Output a short status file showing
+# current connections, truncated
+# and rewritten every minute.
+status openvpn-status.log
+
+# By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or
+# on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to
+# the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory).
+# Use log or log-append to override this default.
+# "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup,
+# while "log-append" will append to it.  Use one
+# or the other (but not both).
+;log         openvpn.log
+;log-append  openvpn.log
+
+# Set the appropriate level of log
+# file verbosity.
+#
+# 0 is silent, except for fatal errors
+# 4 is reasonable for general usage
+# 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems
+# 9 is extremely verbose
+verb 3
+
+# Silence repeating messages.  At most 20
+# sequential messages of the same message
+# category will be output to the log.
+;mute 20
diff --git a/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5b/commands b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5b/commands
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f8ba63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netsec-assignment5-S4498062/exercise5/exercise5b/commands
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+On the server:
+
+# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
+
+Client and server configuration is exactly the same, except that the server has
+this extra line:
+
+    push "redirect-gateway local def1"
+
-- 
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