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\title{Calculus en Kansrekenen - assignment 1}
\author{Camil Staps\\\small{s4498062}}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
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\begin{enumerate}
    \item \begin{enumerate}[label=\arabic*.]
            \item \begin{align*}
                    x - x^3 &= 0 \\
                    x &= x^3 \qquad\text{We see $x=0$ is a solution, continuing with $x\neq0$\dots}\\
                    1 &= x^2
                \end{align*}

                This gives $x=\sqrt1=1$ and $x=-\sqrt1=-1$ as solutions, yielding $-1,0,1$ as possible values for x.
            \item First, we see that $x=0$ is no solution. We then make a case distinction:

                \begin{itemize}
                    \item Case $x>0$. It follows that $x > x^3$ and $1 > x^2$, hence $x\in(0,1)$.
                    \item Case $x<0$. It follows that $x > x^3$ and $1 < x^2$, hence $x\in(-\infty,-1)$.
                \end{itemize}

                The values of $x$ for which $f(x)>0$ are then $(\infty,-1)\cup(0,1)$.
        \end{enumerate}

    \item For particular values of $a,b$ the function $y=a+(b-a)x$ is a linear function, hence it has extremes at $x=0$ and $x=1$. This gives the extremes $y=a+(b-a)\cdot0=a$ and $y=a+(b-a)\cdot1=b$. Therefore, $y$ runs through $(a,b)$. Note that strictly we calculated the extremes on $[0,1]$ rather than $(0,1)$ but that this does not matter for a linear function and that we corrected this by giving the range $(a,b)$ rather than $[a,b]$.

    \item \begin{enumerate}
            \item $f(-x) = 3(-x)-(-x)^3 = -3x+x^3 = -\left(3x-x^3\right) = -f(x)$, hence $f$ is \textbf{odd}.
            \item $f(-x) = \sqrt[3]{(1-(-x))^2} + \sqrt[3]{(1+(-x))^2} = \sqrt[3]{(1+x)^2} + \sqrt[3]{(1-x)^2} = \sqrt[3]{(1-x)^2} + \sqrt[3]{(1+x)^2} = f(x)$, hence $f$ is \textbf{even}.
        \end{enumerate}

    \item We find $f^{-1}(x) = \frac{b-dx}{cx-a}$, since:
        
        \begin{align*}
            y &= \frac{ax+b}{cx+d}\\
            (cx + d) y &= ax + b\\
            cxy + dy &= ax + b\\
            cxy - ax &= b - dy\\
            x(cy-a) &= b - dy\\
            x &= \frac{b-dy}{cy-a}
        \end{align*}

    \item \begin{enumerate}
            \item We can add in $\mathbb{R}$, so the $+1$ doesn't restrict the domain. Taking the root of a number only gives a real solution for non-negative numbers, thus $7-x^2>0$ and $7>x^2$.

                We find $D(f) = \{x\in\mathbb{R}\mid 7>x^2\} = \left(-\sqrt7,\sqrt7\right)$. We know then that the extreme values for $7-x^2$ are $0$ and $7$, and thus find $R(f) = \left(1,1+\sqrt7\right)$.

            \item We have $f(x)=\frac{x-5}{(x-5)(x+2)}=(x+2)^{-1}$. We know that $\alpha^{-1}$ is defined for $\alpha\in\{x\in\mathbb{R}\mid x\neq0\}$, therefore $D(f)=\{x\in\mathbb{R}\mid x+2\neq0\} = \{x\in\mathbb{R}\mid x\neq-2\}$. Since the range of $y=x^{-1}$ is $(-\infty,\infty)\setminus\{0\}$, $R(f)=(-\infty,\infty)\setminus\{0\}$ as well.

            \item This gives $f(x)=|x|^{-1}$. The modulus function does not restrict the domain. Since the domain of $y=x^{-1}$ is $\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}$, also $D(f)=\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}$. The range is then, similar to the above, $R(f)=(-\infty,\infty)\setminus\{0\}$.
        \end{enumerate}

    \item \begin{enumerate}
            \item $$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{3(x-1)+3}{x} = \lim_{x\to0}\frac{3x}{x} = \lim_{x\to0}3 = 3.$$
            \item $$\lim_{x\to2}\frac{x-2}{x^2+x-6} = \lim_{x\to2}\frac{x-2}{x^2+x-6} = \lim_{x\to2}(x+3)^{-1}.$$

                $(x+3)^{-1}$ is continuous at $x=2$, therefore the limit equals $(2+3)^{-1}=\frac15$.
            \item $$\lim_{x\to1}\frac{2x^2-4x+3}{x^2+x-2} = \lim_{x\to1}\frac{(x+4)(x-1)}{(x-1)(x+2)} = \lim_{x\to1}\frac{x+4}{x+2}.$$

                $\frac{x+4}{x+2}$ is continuous at $x=1$, therefore the limit equals $\frac{1+4}{1+2}=\frac53$.
        \end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}

