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diff --git a/benton-handout.tex b/benton-handout.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..effec33 --- /dev/null +++ b/benton-handout.tex @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +\documentclass[a4paper]{article} + +\usepackage{geometry} +\usepackage[british]{babel} + +\usepackage{handouts} + +\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref} +\usepackage{tikz} + +\newcommand{\situationtransition}[7]{% + \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=4em] + \node[ label={below:$x_{-3}$},label={above:#1}] (xm3) {}; + \node[right of=xm3,label={below:$x_{-2}$},label={above:#2}] (xm2) {}; + \node[right of=xm2,label={below:$x_{-1}$},label={above:#3}] (xm1) {}; + \node[right of=xm1,label={below:$x_0$}, label={above:#4}, + circle,draw,fill=black,inner sep=2pt] (x0) {}; + \node[right of=x0, label={below:$x_1$}, label={above:#5}] (x1) {}; + \node[right of=x1, label={below:$x_2$}, label={above:#6}] (x2) {}; + \node[right of=x2, label={below:$x_3$}, label={above:#7}] (x3) {}; + + \node[left of=xm3, label={left:$\dots$}] (start) {}; + \node[right of=x3, label={right:$\dots$}] (end) {}; + + \path[draw,<->] (start) -- (end); + \end{tikzpicture} +} + +\title{\Large Handout of ``Aspect and the Biblical Hebrew Niphal and Hitpael''\footnote{Richard Charles Benton, Jr. 2009. University of Wisonsin-Madison.}} +\author{Camil Staps} + +\begin{document} + +\maketitle + +\summary{ + The problem with the Niphal and Hitpael stems is both + (a) \term{internal overlap}, + that each stem covers more than one functional area (passive, middle and reflexive), and + (b) \term{external overlap}, + that the functions of the two stems overlap with each other\pagenr{102}. +} + +\summary{ + Benton takes from Keenan (1985) the idea that when a language has multiple passives, + they are distinguished by \term{aspect}\pagenr{102}. + \criticism{ + he then takes from later linguists new views on aspect\pagenr{104--5}, + and applies Keenan's theory using those ideas about aspect. + It is unclear if Keenan's theory applies to those new ideas. + } + Linguists distinguish different kinds of aspect: + \term{viewpoint aspect}, + where a full or partial view of a situation is presented; + \term{situation aspect}, + which presents features of a situation. + Different kinds of situation aspect can be categorised by the features + static--dynamic, durative--instantaneous and telic--atelic. + Based on Pustejovsky, different types of events can be depicted in diagrams\pagenr{108--9} + (see \autoref{fig:situation-transitions}). + + \begin{figure}[b] + \centering + \situationtransition{$\dots$}{$\lnot$built}{$\lnot$built}{built}{built}{built}{$\dots$} + + \vspace*{1em} + \situationtransition{}{}{}{reached}{reached}{reached}{$\dots$} + + \vspace*{1em} + \situationtransition{}{}{}{tapped}{}{}{} + + \caption{Different types of events: accomplishment, achievement and semelfactive.\label{fig:situation-transitions}} + \end{figure} +} + +\end{document} |