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+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+
+\usepackage{geometry}
+\usepackage[british]{babel}
+
+\usepackage{handouts}
+
+\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+
+\newcommand{\situationtransition}[7]{%
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=4em]
+ \node[ label={below:$x_{-3}$},label={above:#1}] (xm3) {};
+ \node[right of=xm3,label={below:$x_{-2}$},label={above:#2}] (xm2) {};
+ \node[right of=xm2,label={below:$x_{-1}$},label={above:#3}] (xm1) {};
+ \node[right of=xm1,label={below:$x_0$}, label={above:#4},
+ circle,draw,fill=black,inner sep=2pt] (x0) {};
+ \node[right of=x0, label={below:$x_1$}, label={above:#5}] (x1) {};
+ \node[right of=x1, label={below:$x_2$}, label={above:#6}] (x2) {};
+ \node[right of=x2, label={below:$x_3$}, label={above:#7}] (x3) {};
+
+ \node[left of=xm3, label={left:$\dots$}] (start) {};
+ \node[right of=x3, label={right:$\dots$}] (end) {};
+
+ \path[draw,<->] (start) -- (end);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+}
+
+\title{\Large Handout of ``Aspect and the Biblical Hebrew Niphal and Hitpael''\footnote{Richard Charles Benton, Jr. 2009. University of Wisonsin-Madison.}}
+\author{Camil Staps}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\summary{
+ The problem with the Niphal and Hitpael stems is both
+ (a) \term{internal overlap},
+ that each stem covers more than one functional area (passive, middle and reflexive), and
+ (b) \term{external overlap},
+ that the functions of the two stems overlap with each other\pagenr{102}.
+}
+
+\summary{
+ Benton takes from Keenan (1985) the idea that when a language has multiple passives,
+ they are distinguished by \term{aspect}\pagenr{102}.
+ \criticism{
+ he then takes from later linguists new views on aspect\pagenr{104--5},
+ and applies Keenan's theory using those ideas about aspect.
+ It is unclear if Keenan's theory applies to those new ideas.
+ }
+ Linguists distinguish different kinds of aspect:
+ \term{viewpoint aspect},
+ where a full or partial view of a situation is presented;
+ \term{situation aspect},
+ which presents features of a situation.
+ Different kinds of situation aspect can be categorised by the features
+ static--dynamic, durative--instantaneous and telic--atelic.
+ Based on Pustejovsky, different types of events can be depicted in diagrams\pagenr{108--9}
+ (see \autoref{fig:situation-transitions}).
+
+ \begin{figure}[b]
+ \centering
+ \situationtransition{$\dots$}{$\lnot$built}{$\lnot$built}{built}{built}{built}{$\dots$}
+
+ \vspace*{1em}
+ \situationtransition{}{}{}{reached}{reached}{reached}{$\dots$}
+
+ \vspace*{1em}
+ \situationtransition{}{}{}{tapped}{}{}{}
+
+ \caption{Different types of events: accomplishment, achievement and semelfactive.\label{fig:situation-transitions}}
+ \end{figure}
+}
+
+\end{document}