diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | kemmer-handout.tex | 20 |
1 files changed, 14 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/kemmer-handout.tex b/kemmer-handout.tex index dc95d79..337a663 100644 --- a/kemmer-handout.tex +++ b/kemmer-handout.tex @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ \author{Camil Staps} \newcommand{\RM}[0]{\textsc{rm}} +\newcommand{\MM}[0]{\textsc{mm}} \begin{document} @@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ \term{scope}\note{only simple clauses} and \term{thematic roles}\note{Agent/Experiencer and Patient (Faltz)/Stimulus(Kemmer)}. - A \term{reflexive marker} (\RM) is + A \term{reflexive marker} (\RM, as opposed to a middle marker \MM) is ``a productive grammatical device that is used obligatorily to mark direct reflexive contexts in at least the third person''\pagenr{47}. All reflexive-marking languages use {\RM}s in the direct reflexive, @@ -248,17 +249,17 @@ are similar to mental events and share the high degree of affectedness of the Experiencer, although they lack volitionality\pagenr{130}. - Cognition verbs\note{e.g. `interpret', `consider'} may also appear with middle markers. + Cognition verbs\note{e.g. `interpret', `consider'} may also appear with an \MM. \parnote{They seem related to emotion verbs: in all but one of the languages considered, - when cognition verbs could appear with middle markers, emotion verbs could as well, + when cognition verbs could appear with {\MM}s, emotion verbs could as well, and vice versa.} Perception events can be split up in three categories: passive Experiencer-based\note{e.g. ``I smell garlic''}; active Experiencer-based\note{e.g. ``I smelled the meat to see if it was still good''}; Stimulus-based\note{e.g. ``Garlic smells good''}\pagenr{136}. - They appear less with middle markers, + They appear less with {\MM}s, possibly because the Experiencer is less affected than with other cognition events. Cognition types are most commonly complex% @@ -281,10 +282,10 @@ \end{figure} \subsubsection*{Other related situation types} - Middle markers are also used for \term{spontaneous events}\note{e.g. `grow', `be born'}\pagenr{144}. + {\MM}s are also used for \term{spontaneous events}\note{e.g. `grow', `be born'}\pagenr{144}. They are different from other middle situation types in the complete lack of volitional initiation by the Patient\pagenr{146}. - In some languages, middle markers can be used to express situations + In some languages, {\MM}s can be used to express situations where an external causer is understood to exist, but de-emphasised for non-specificity or relative unimportance% \note{e.g. ``This book reads well'', which implies a reader}\pagenr{147}. As with spontaneous events, the focus is on the affected entity. @@ -358,6 +359,13 @@ Middle morphology, then, is an expressive strategy for variations in the conceptual structuring of events\pagenr{209}. The dotted arcs in \autoref{fig:domain-map} indicate the properties that middle types share (low elaboration of events)\pagenr{211}. + + The essence of an {\MM} seems to be low participant distinguishability. + {\RM}s show properties of intransitivity iff they overlap with {\MM}s. + Reflexives have still lower distinguishability than their corresponding non-reflexives\pagenr{213}. + + A \term{middle system} is the (dynamic) set of relations between the morphosyntactic and semantic middle categories. + The semantic middle is static and universal\pagenr{238}. } \end{document} |